Haghartsin is a 13th century monastery located near the town of Dilijan, Armenia. It was
Haghartsin is a 13th century monastery located near the town of Dilijan, Armenia. It was built between the 10th and 14th century; much of it under the patronage of the Bagratuni Dynasty.
St. Astvatsatsin Church in Haghardzin (1281) is the largest building and the dominant artistic feature. The sixteen-faced dome is decorated with arches, the bases of whose columns are connected by triangular ledges and spheres, with a band around the drum's bottom. This adds to the optical height of the dome and creates the impression that its drum is weightless. The platband of the southern portal's architrave is framed with rows of trefoils.
The sculptural group of the church's eastern facade differs in composition from the similar bas-reliefs of Sanahin, Haghpat, and Harich. It shows two men in monks' attire who point with their hands at a church model and a picture of a dove with half-spread wings placed between them. The umbrella roofing of the model's dome shows the original look of the dome of Astvatsatsin church. The figures are shown wearing different dresses — the one standing right is dressed more richly than the one standing left. The faces, with their long whiskers, luxuriant combed beards and large almond shaped eyes, are also executed in different manners. These are probably the founders of the church, the Father Superior and his assistant.
St. Astvatsatsin Church Gavit
The gavit of St. Astvatsatsin Church is severely damaged. The ruins show clearly where it stood; however, the walls are almost completely destroyed.
St. Gregory Church
The oldest large structure of the complex, the St. Grigor Church, is accessible through its gavit.
St. Gregory Church Gavit
The twelfth-century gavit abutting St. Grigor Church is of the most common type of plan. It is a square building, with roofing supported by four internal abutments, and with squat octahedral tents above the central sections, somewhat similar to the Armenian peasant home of the "glkhatun" type. The gavit has ornamented corner sections. Decorated with rosettes, these sections contain sculptures of human figures in monks' attires, carrying crosses, staffs, and birds. The framing of the central window of Haghardzin's gavit is cross-shaped. Placed right above the portal of the main entrance, it emphasizes the central part of the facade.
One of the half-columns along the right hand wall towards the back has come forward, showing that it is hollow. According to legend, this was swung open and shut in the past and monastery riches were hidden inside at times of war and invasion.
St. Stepanos Church
The small St. Stepanos Church dates back to 1244.
Bagratuni sepulchre
The Bagratuni sepulchre is where some of the Bagratuni royalty are buried.
Like the Haghpat's refectory, the refectory of Haghardzin, built by the architect Minas in 1248, is divided by pillars into two square-plan parts roofed with intersecting arches.
The walls are lined with stone benches, and at the western butt wall, next to the door, there is a broad archway for the numerous pilgrims to navigate. Decoration is concentrated only in the central sections of the roofing, near the main lighting apertures. The transition from the rectangle of their base to the octagon of the top is decorated with tre- and quatrefoils. The low abutments determine the size of the upstretched arches. The proportionally diminishing architectural shapes create the impression of airiness and space.
Today this space has large wooden log tables and chairs, and is where receptions take place after marriages or baptisms at the monastery.
An ornamental carving of a thirteenth-century khachkar is placed next to the southern door of St. Astvatsatsin church in Haghardzin.
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Sevanavank (meaning monastery of Sevan) is a monastery located on the northwestern shore o
Sevanavank (meaning monastery of Sevan) is a monastery located on the northwestern shore of Lake Sevan in the eastern Armenian province of Geghark'unik', not far from the town of Sevan.
According to an inscription in one of the churches, it was founded in 874 AD by princess Miriam, the daughter of Ashot I who became a king a decade later. At the time, Armenia was still struggling to free itself from the Arab rule.
The monastery was strict as it was mainly intended for those monks from Echmiadzin who had sinned. Jean-Marie Chopin, a French explorer of the Caucasus, visited it in 1830 and reported about a regime without meat, wine, youth or women. Another explorer visited it in 1850 and reported that manuscripts were still being copied manually.
Today the two churches, Sourb Arakelots (Holy Apostoles) and Sourb Astvatsatsin (Mother of God), remain both cross shaped with octagonal tambours and quite similar in appearance. Beside them lie the ruins of a gavit whose roof was originally supported by 6 wooden columns. Some of the remains of the gavit and its columns can be seen in the Yerevan Museum of History.
Initially the monastery was built at the southern shore of a small island. After artificial draining of the Lake Sevan, which started in the Stalin era, the water level fell about 20 metres, and the island transformed into a peninsula. At the southern shore of this newly created peninsula, a guesthouse of the Armenian Writers' Union was built, the eastern shore is occupied by the Armenian president's summer residence, while the monastery's still active seminary moved to newly constructed buildings at the northern shore of the peninsula.
Due to easier accessibility (once it became a peninsula), good highway and railway connections with Yerevan, a well developed tourist industry in the town of Sevan town, and the picturesque location (although less picturesque than it was before the lake level drop), Sevanavank is one of the most visited sights in Armenia
Le monastère de Sevanavank, situé au bord du lac Sevan, dans la région de Gegharkunik et à 60 km au nord-est d'Erevan, la capitale, fut fondé en 874 par la princesse Mariam. Il est formé de deux églises datant du Xe siècle, Saint-Apôtre (Arakelots en arménien) et Notre-Dame (Astvatsatsin). Cette ensemble monastique est situé sur une presqu'île surplombant le lac Sevan.
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Exiting at a somewhat over-engineered cloverleaf intersection leads one toward Lake Sevan
Exiting at a somewhat over-engineered cloverleaf intersection leads one toward Lake Sevan and the ancient village of Noratus or Noraduz (3534 v). Turning right at the first street past the bridge leads to the S edge of town and S. Grigor Lusavorich church/Daputs Monastery of the 9-10th c., rebuilt by the 11th c architect Khachatur. Continuing straight into the center of village, the second left leads to the ruined S. Astvatsatsin church, a basilica built by Prince Sahak at the end of the 9th c., probably on earlier foundations. Outside the W door are intriguing carved grave monuments. On the E edge of town is a huge medieval-modern cemetery with an impressive array of early khachkars* as well as evocative modern funerary statuary. Continuing up the bare, windswept hillside beyond, there is a smaller cluster of khachkars around a medieval funeral chapel. Two km E of Noratus on the top of a hill is the Heghi Dar cyclopean fortress with a large tomb and two big inhabited caves. On a promontory N of Noratus is a large, well-maintained forest of antenna masts, ostensibly belonging to Armentel. A couple of km S of Noradus, near the former village of Artsvakar (formerly Ghshlakh, now a suburb of Gavar), are the Early Iron Age cyclopean fortresses of Ghslakh (near the lake), Zhami Dar (just W of Artsvakar) and Mrtbi Dzor (S of Zhami Dar). (armeniapedia)
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A caravanserai (Persian: كاروانسرا kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside inn whe
A caravanserai (Persian: كاروانسرا kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information, and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa, and South-Eastern Europe.
Most typically it was a building with a square or rectangular walled exterior, with a single portal wide enough to permit large or heavily laden beasts such as camels to enter. The courtyard was almost always open to the sky, and the inside walls of the enclosure were outfitted with a number of identical stalls, bays, niches, or chambers to accommodate merchants and their servants, animals, and merchandise.[1] Caravanserais provided water for human and animal consumption, washing, and ritual ablutions. Sometimes they even had elaborate baths. They also kept fodder for animals and had shops for travellers where they could acquire new supplies. In addition, there could be shops where merchants could dispose of some of their goods.[2]
The word is also rendered as caravansarai or caravansary. The Persian word kārvānsarā is a compound word combining ''kārvānsarā (caravan) with sara (palace, building with enclosed courts), to which the Persian suffix -yi is added. Here "caravan" means a group of traders, pilgrims, or other travelers, engaged in long distance travel.
The caravanserai was also known as a khan (Persian خان) or han (Turkish).
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Scènes tournées près d'Areni
Near Areni...
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Scènes tournées près d'Areni
Near Areni...
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Noravank ( meaning new monastery) is a 13th century Armenian Apostolic Church monastery, l
Noravank ( meaning new monastery) is a 13th century Armenian Apostolic Church monastery, located 122 km from Yerevan in a narrow gorge made by the Darichay river, nearby the city of Yeghegnadzor, Armenia. The gorge is known for its tall, sheer, brick-red cliffs, directly across from the monastery. The monastery is best known for its two-storey S. Astvatsatsin church, which grants access to the second floor by way of narrow stones jutting out from the face of building. The monastery is sometimes called Amaghu-Noravank, Amaghu being the name of a small recently destroyed village above the canyon, in order to distinguish it from Bgheno-Noravank, near Goris. In the 13th--14th centuries the monastery became a residence of Syunik's bishops and, consequently. a major religious and, later, cultural center of Armenia closely connected with many of the local seats of learning, especially with Gladzor's famed university and library.
Noravank est un monastère arménien situé dans la région de Vayots' Dzor.
Il date du XIIIe siècle et est situé à 122 kilomètre d'Erevan. La ville la plus proche est Eghegnazor.
Noravank a été fondé en 1205 par l'évêque Hovhannès. Ce monastère est l'œuvre de l'architecte Siranès. Il est composé de tuf. Le monastère inclut l'église Saint-Karapet, l'église Saint-Astvatsatsin et la chapelle Saint-Grégoire. Il est devenu une résidence des évêques de Syunik' aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Il reste des ruines de divers bâtiments et de khatchkars autour du lieu. Noravank fut pendant un temps la résidence des princes Orbélian.
Noravank (Neues Kloster) ist ein armenisches Kloster aus dem 13. Jahrhundert. Es befindet sich in der Nähe der Stadt Jeghegnadsor und ist 122 km von Eriwan entfernt.
(wikipedia)
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The Khor Virap (in Armenian, meaning deep dungeon) monastery is one of the most popular to
The Khor Virap (in Armenian, meaning deep dungeon) monastery is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Armenia. Its location, near the closest point to Mount Ararat within Armenian borders, offers a spectacular view of the mountain, the national symbol of Armenia.
It is also significant as being the place of Gregory the Illuminator's 13-year imprisonment, after which Gregory, by converting the King Trdat III to Christianity in the year 301, made Armenia the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion.
In the mid-1990's, volunteers for the Canadian Youth Mission to Armenia helped renovate/restore the cathedral.
Khor-Virap est un monastère arménien situé dans la région d'Ararat, non loin d'Erevan, la capitale. Il est dominé par le mont Ararat.
Le monastère de Khor-Virap est le premier lieu saint de l'Arménie chrétienne.
Le livre Histoire de l'Arménie de Moïse de Khorène raconte de manière légendaire comment le roi Tiridate IV d'Arménie (ou Trdat) pourchassa et persécuta les chrétiens au Ve siècle. Grégoire Loussavoritch, futur Grégoire l'Illuminateur, fut jeté aux oubliettes (« Virap ») dans une fosse remplie de reptiles et survécut miraculeusement durant treize ans (par ailleurs, ce monastère est surnomé Prison de saint Grégoire ; Khor Virap signifie « puits profond »). Lorsque le roi, après avoir martyrisé Gayané, Hripsimé et leurs compagnes, tomba malade, Grégoire Loussavoritch apparut comme seul capable de le soigner. Il guérit le roi et le convertit au christianisme. L'Arménie devient alors le premier pays chrétien. Le catholicos Nersès III Chinanar dit le constructeur fit édifier, au VIIe siècle, une église au dessus de la fosse.
Ce qui est certain, c'est que le monastère a été fondé au VIIe siècle. Au XIIIe, il a été reconstruit et est devenu très célèbre grâce à son université, fondée en 1225 par le religieux Vardan Arévéltsi. Beaucoup de manuscrits de cette époque ont été retrouvés, qui sont actuellement conservés au Matenadaran d'Erevan.
Vers le XVIIe siècle, les bâtiments du monastère se dégradèrent en même temps que l'Arménie déclina économiquement. Il fallut donc envisager une reconstruction du lieu. De 1666 au 6 avril 1696, David Viraptsi s'y affaira. Il reconstruisit l'église Sainte-Mère-de-Dieu (en arménien : Atvatsatsin) avec d'autres bâtiments qui furent détruits par le séisme du 4 juin 1679. Ces derniers seront à nouveaux reconstruits par David Viraptsi entre les années 1680 et 1695.
Khor Virap, très touristique, est actuellement classé comme monument historique.
Kloster Chor Virap
Chor Virap (armenisch , „tiefes Verlies") ist ein armenisches Kloster, das zwischen den Städten Artaschat und Ararat in der Provinz Ararat ca. 40 km südlich von Eriwan liegt.
Der Legende zufolge soll König Trdat III. auf der kleinen Anhöhe inmitten der Ebene des Araxtals Gregor den Erleuchter (Grigor Luisavoritsch) in eine Höhle einsperren und 13 Jahre lang haben foltern lassen, um ihn vom christlichen Glauben abzubringen. Da die Folter nicht anschlug und Gregor ihn von einer eigentlich unheilbaren Krankheit heilte, ließ sich Trdat III. im Jahre 301 taufen und verfügte, dass die Armenier als erstes Volk in der Geschichte das Christentum als Staatsreligion annahmen.
Der Hügel von Chor Virap ist auch die Stelle, an der ca. 180 v. Chr. die alte armenische Hauptstadt Artaschat durch Artasches I., den Begründer der Dynastie der Artaxiden, errichtet wurde.
Heute steht auf der Anhöhe ein kleines Kloster aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, das aus der Muttergottes-Kirche (Surb Astvazazin) von 1661 und der St.-Georg-Kapelle (Surb Gevork) besteht. In dieser befinden sich zwei Löcher im Boden, durch die man in die Zelle, in der Gregor gefangen gehalten worden sein soll, sowie in eine ähnliche unterirdische Zelle hinabsteigen kann.
Die genannten Ereignisse reichen eigentlich schon aus, um die Bedeutung zu erklären, die das Kloster für die Armenier besitzt, die Ereignisse zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts verliehen ihm jedoch noch zusätzliche Bedeutung. Die endgültige Grenze zwischen der Türkei und der Sowjetunion (bzw. Armenischen SSR) wurde nämlich unweit des Klosters gezogen. Somit wurde es heute zu der dem Ararat, dem Nationalsymbol der Armenier, der der Türkei zugeschlagen wurde, am nächsten gelegene Stelle auf armenischem Gebiet. Wenn die Wetterbedingungen es zulassen, bietet sich vom Kloster aus ebenfalls einer der schönsten Blicke auf diesen Berg.
(wikipedia)
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Yerevan, pronounced /ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn/; sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, an
Yerevan, pronounced /ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn/; sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan; former names include Erebuni, Revan, Ereun, and Yervandavan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, and is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital of Armenia since 1918 and the twelfth in the history of Armenia.
The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the Urartian fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC at the western extremity of the Ararat plain.[2] After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide settled in the area. The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century when Armenia became one of the fifteen republics in the Soviet Union. In fifty years, Yerevan was transformed from a town of a few thousand residents during the first republic to the principal cultural, artistic and industrial center as well as becoming the seat of the political institutions of the country.
With the growth of the economy of the country, Yerevan has been undergoing a major transformation as construction sites have appeared all over the city since the early 2000s. Today, the appearance of new buildings, roads, restaurants, boutiques, quarters etc. have started to erase the traces of 70 years of Soviet dominance.
In 2007, the population of Yerevan was estimated to be 1,107,800 people with the agglomeration around the city regrouping 1,245,700 people (official estimation[3]), more than 42% of the population of Armenia.
Erevan ou Yerevan est la plus grande des villes d'Arménie, et sa capitale[2] depuis 1918[3], la douzième[4] depuis les origines de l'Arménie.
Elle est fondée en 782 av. J.-C. à l'ouest du pays, à l'extrémité orientale de la plaine de l'Ararat, au-dessus des gorges de la rivière Hrazdan. Elle connaît une histoire mouvementée faite de batailles, de pillages, d'incendies et de séismes pendant plus de 2 500 ans, devient la capitale de l'éphémère première République d'Arménie après la Première Guerre mondiale et recueille une partie des rescapés du génocide arménien. La ville s'étend rapidement au XXe siècle lorsque l'Arménie devient une des quinze républiques de l'URSS. D'une petite bourgade de quelques milliers d'habitants sous la première République, elle devient en moins de cinquante ans le principal centre culturel, artistique et industriel du pays, ainsi que le siège de ses institutions politiques.
Depuis le retour à la croissance du pays, Erevan est en pleine mutation. Les chantiers ont commencé à fleurir aux quatre coins de la ville au début des années 2000. Aujourd'hui, avec ses nouvelles infrastructures (immeubles, quartiers, routes, restaurants et autres boutiques) son visage s'occidentalise et efface rapidement les traces de 70 ans de gouvernance soviétique.
En 2003, la population d'Erevan est estimée à 1 091 235 habitants[5] et son agglomération très peu étendue autour de la ville regroupe avec ses 1 245 700 habitants (estimation officielle actuelle[6]), plus de 42 % de la population arménienne. Ses habitants sont appelés les Erevanais et les Erevanaises.
Eriwan, auch Jerewan (Erewan (in traditioneller Orthografie, von der westarmenischen Diaspora bevorzugt) ist die Hauptstadt und mit 1.093.499 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2005) größte Stadt Armeniens. Eriwan ist das wirtschaftliche, kulturelle und wissenschaftliche Zentrum des Landes und ist wegen der Größe der Stadt eine eigene Provinz.
Die Bezeichnung „Eriwan" wird in Deutschland amtlich gebraucht. Sie ist offensichtlich eine alte, nicht korrekte Transliteration, die durch die amtliche und die Schreibung in Schulbüchern konserviert wird. Die phonetisch richtige Transkription lautet „Jerewan" und wurde so in der DDR verwendet. Dem entspricht auch die russisch-kyrillische Schreibweise „Ереван" und die international gebräuchliche englische Transkription „Yerevan".
(wikipedia)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geghard
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geghard
http://de.wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geghard
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geghard
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geghard-Kloster
The monastery of Geghard is a unique architectural construction in the Kotayk province of Armenia, being partially carved out of the adjacent mountain, surrounded by cliffs. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
While the main chapel was built in 1215, the monastery complex was founded in the 4th century by Gregory the Illuminator at the site of a sacred spring inside a cave. The monastery had thus been originally named Ayrivank, meaning "the Monastery of the Cave". The name commonly used for the monastery today, Geghard, or more fully Geghardavank , meaning "the Monastery of the Spear", originates from the spear which had wounded Jesus at the Crucifixion, allegedly brought to Armenia by Apostle Jude, called here Thaddeus, and stored amongst many other relics. Now it is displayed in the Echmiadzin treasury.
The spectacular towering cliffs surrounding the monastery are part of the Azat river gorge, and are included together with the monastery in the World Heritage Site listing. Some of the churches within the monastery complex are entirely dug out of the cliff rocks, others are little more than caves, while others are elaborate structures, with both architecturally complex walled sections and rooms deep inside the cliff. The combination, together with numerous engraved and free-standing khachkars is a unique sight, being one of the most frequented tourist destinations in Armenia.
Most visitors to Geghard also choose to visit the nearby Garni temple, a Parthenon-like structure located further down the Azat river. Visiting both sites in one trip is so common that they are often referred to in unison as Garni-Geghard.
Le monastère Sainte-Lance de Geghard, situé en Arménie, dans la région de Kotayk', près d'Erevan, a été fondé au XIIIe siècle. La particularité du monastère est de présenter une partie souterraine dans laquelle les prêtres s'exercent pour leur liturgie. Une chapelle inférieure porte les armes de la famille Prochian, deux lions affrontés surmontés d'un autre lion attaquant un bœuf et soulignés de l'aigle enlevant dans ses serres un agneau.
Geghard était appelé « monastère des sept églises » ou « monastère des 40 autels », probablement au Haut Moyen Âge. Il fut appelé, un peu plus tard, Geghardavank, « monastère de la lance ».
On ne connaît pas la date exacte de la fondation du monastère, mais on l'estime à peu près du VIIe au VIIIe siècle. Certaines personnes affirment qu'il aurait été fondé au temps des premiers chrétiens. Il va devenir par le suite un grand centre du christianisme en Arménie.
Pendant l'invasion arabe, il a servi de refuge à la population. Puis il est pillé par les Arabes et détruit, il ne restera que quelques bâtiments. Le monastère actuel a été fondé au XIIIe siècle siècle, par les familles des Prochian, dont l'église principale, construite en 1215, et les chapelles, construites en 1225.
Le monastère est actuellement classé depuis l'an 2000 au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO1.
La partie la plus ancienne a été détruite, mais il reste un bâtiment bien conservé : la chapelle Saint-Grégoire. L'église principale est Kathoghike, construite en 1215, sous le règne de Zakarian. Elle est composée d'un Gavit, dont la date de construction est inconnue, puis d'une Jamatoun, que l'on pourrait définirai comme une « petite-nef », ornée de sculptures.
Il reste des khatchkars autour du monastère.
(wikipedia)
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